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		| Paper: | 
		The Small-N Problem in High Energy Physics | 
	 
	
		| Volume: | 
		371, Statistical Challenges in Modern Astronomy IV | 
	 
	
		| Page: | 
		75 | 
	 
	
		| Authors: | 
		Cowan, G. | 
	 
	
	
		| Abstract: | 
		In High Energy Physics one often counts events that could come from signal or background processes, where the total number seen is a few or less. One must decide if and when to claim evidence for observation of the signal, and non-observation should be translated into constraints on model parameters. Some of the methods commonly used in Particle Physics are presented and their limitations are discussed. | 
	 
	
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