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		| Paper: | 
		Electron Acceleration at the Earth’s Bow Shock, Solar Flares and Interplanetary Shocks | 
	 
	
		| Volume: | 
		369, New Solar Physics with Solar-B Mission | 
	 
	
		| Page: | 
		497 | 
	 
	
		| Authors: | 
		Oka, M.; Terasawa, T. | 
	 
	
	
		| Abstract: | 
		Solar flares and interplanetary shocks (IPSs) generate power-law energy distributions of electrons, but parameter dependence of electron acceleration has not been clarified from both theories and observations. Making use of in-situ data obtained by Geotail at the Earth’s bow shock, we studied power-law formation of electron energy spectra with respect to the Alfvén Mach number MA and shock angle θBn. We found that the spectral index Γ of electron energy spectrum f(E) ∝ E−Γ is regulated by the whistler critical Mach number. sub-critical regime while Γ were concentrated between 3.0 and 3.5 in the supercritical regime. Electron acceleration at solar flares and interplanetary shocks are discussed based on the results. | 
	 
	
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