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		| Paper: | 
		Validity of Clumping Approximations for Mass-Loss Rates
 Determination | 
	 
	
		| Volume: | 
		465, Four Decades of Massive Star Research - A Scientific Meeting in Honor of Anthony J. Moffat | 
	 
	
		| Page: | 
		128 | 
	 
	
		| Authors: | 
		Kubát, J.; Šurlan, B. | 
	 
	
	
		| Abstract: | 
		Clumping in stellar winds of hot stars is a possible consequence of
 radiative-acoustic instability appearing in solutions of
 radiative-hydrodynamical equations. However, clumping is usually
 included into stellar atmosphere modeling and radiative transfer
 calculations in a highly approximate way via a global free parameter
 called the clumping factor. Using different values of clumping factors,
 many researchers succeeded to fit the observed spectra better and to
 correct empirical mass-loss rates. This usually leads to a conclusion
 that the stellar wind is clumped.
 To understand how clumping may influence theoretical predictions of
 mass-loss rates, different clumping properties have to be taken into
 account.
 If clumping appears already below the critical point, the mass-loss
 rate is changed. | 
	 
	
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