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		| Paper: | 
		Mass and Energy Budgets in Evolving Galaxies | 
	 
	
		| Volume: | 
		421, Galaxies in Isolation: Exploring Nature Versus Nurture | 
	 
	
		| Page: | 
		183 | 
	 
	
		| Authors: | 
		Pfenniger, D. | 
	 
	
	
		| Abstract: | 
		The concept of isolated galaxy is useful to sort out  the intrinsic and extrinsic factors playing a role in the galaxy  structure and evolution.  Using the Lagrange-Jacoby identity one can  order the global energies and powers at play in galaxies determining  their equilibrium, respectively their evolution.  Some factors  appear then obviously as secondary, like magnetic fields, and other  as potentially important, like star formation and evolution, or  black-holes.  It follows that over several Gyr, disks galaxies must  be viewed as evolving dissipative structures ruled mainly by a  feedback mechanism between stellar activity and disk dynamics.  Mass  loss from evolved stars appears as sufficiently important over  several Gyr to view galaxies, including ellipticals, as  essentially dissipative.  The old paradigm of conservative dynamics  in galaxies seems applicable only over time-scales up to a few Gyr. | 
	 
	
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