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		| Paper: | 
		Survey of Evidence for Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Evolution of Structure on Various Scales | 
	 
	
		| Volume: | 
		413, 2nd Crisis in Cosmology Conference, CCC-2 | 
	 
	
		| Page: | 
		98 | 
	 
	
		| Authors: | 
		Schmitz, H. A. | 
	 
	
	
		| Abstract: | 
		This overview paper describes how the discovery of superclusters dictated a bottom-up cosmic evolution in order to remain compatible with the big bang theory. Weaknesses of the concordance cosmology are pointed out and top-down cosmic evolution is explored as a plausible alternative. Top-down evolution requires an unconventional interpretation of red-shift phenomena and a greatly expanded cycle of creation on various scales. Top-down cosmologies may be too radical for conservative mainstream astrophysicists but their future prospects are brighter than the search for dark matter and dark energy.
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