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		| Paper: | 
		Proto-Clusters at z ≫ 1 as the Site of Early-Type Galaxies Formation | 
	 
	
		| Volume: | 
		399, Panoramic Views of Galaxy Formation and Evolution | 
	 
	
		| Page: | 
		305 | 
	 
	
		| Authors: | 
		Kodama, T. | 
	 
	
	
		| Abstract: | 
		Subaru telescope has been playing a substantial role in panoramic cluster studies due to its unique wide-field instruments both in the optical and the near-infrared (see Figure 1). By making use of these wide-field instruments, we have been conducting two large surveys of distant clusters with Subaru: an optical survey of distant clusters at 0.4 ≤ z ≤ 1.4 (PISCES project; see Kodama et al. 2005) and a near-infrared survey of proto-clusters around radio galaxies at z ≥ 2 (HzRG project; see Kodama et al. 2007). We focus on the latter protocluster survey in this article and emphasize our interesting result: that massive red galaxies in clusters seem to be first emerging between z ∼ 3 and 2 as a result of vigorous star formation and mass assembly. | 
	 
	
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