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		| Paper: | 
		Non-linear variability and low-states in AGN: two sides of the same coin | 
	 
	
		| Volume: | 
		290, Active Galactic Nuclei: from Central Engine to Host Galaxy | 
	 
	
		| Page: | 
		131 | 
	 
	
		| Authors: | 
		Uttley, P.; McHardy, I.; Vaughan, S. | 
	 
	
	
		| Abstract: | 
		Non-linearity in X-ray lightcurves of ultrasoft/NLS1 galaxies has been suspected for some time, but not proven. Recently, long-term X-ray monitoring observations of the NLS1 NGC4051 showed that besides showing possible evidence for non-linearity, the source also shows distinctive low-flux, low-variability `states' which last for months at a time. Here we show that both non-linearity and low states are a direct outcome of the remarkable linear relationship between RMS variability and flux which holds in lightcurves of AGN and X-ray binaries: AGN and XRB lightcurves are intrinsically non-linear, and can show low-states if the variability on all time-scales is large. We discuss physical interpretations of this result. | 
	 
	
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