|   | 
				
					
	
		  | 
	 
	
		| Paper: | 
		The Three-Dimensionality of Spiral Shocks:  Did Chondrules Catch a Breaking Wave? | 
	 
	
		| Volume: | 
		341, Chondrites and the Protoplanetary Disk | 
	 
	
		| Page: | 
		839 | 
	 
	
		| Authors: | 
		Boley, A.C.; Durisen, R.H.; Pickett, M.K. | 
	 
	
	
		| Abstract: | 
		Spiral shocks in vertically stratified disks lead to hydraulic/shock-jumps (hs-jumps) that stimulate large scale (tenths of an AU or more) radial and vertical motions, breaking surface waves, high-altitude shocks, and vortical flows. These effects are demonstrated by three-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations in Solar Nebula models. Trajectories of fluid elements, along with their thermal histories, suggest that hs-jumps mix the nebular gas and provide diverse pre-shock conditions, some of which are conducive to chondrule formation. In addition, hs-jumps may provide an energy source for driving nebular turbulence to size-sort chondrules. | 
	 
	
		| 
			
			
		 | 
	 
	
		  | 
	 
 
					 
				 | 
				  |