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| Paper: |
Exploring the Quiescent Black Hole Population of Nearby Dwarf Galaxies with the Habitable World Observatory |
| Monograph: |
10, HWO25 Proceedings Part I: Community Science Case Development Documents |
| Page: |
153 |
| Authors: |
Fabio Pacucci |
| DOI: |
10.26624/EKTI6481 |
| Abstract: |
The formation and growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) remain a significant unsolved problem
in astrophysics, particularly in the low-mass regime, where observations are sparse. The Habitable Worlds
Observatory (HWO), with its diffraction-limited imaging and high-resolution UV-optical spectroscopy,
presents a unique opportunity to explore the demographics of massive black holes (MBHs) in nearby dwarf
galaxies. We propose a program to dynamically detect quiescent MBHs with masses as low as 104.5 M⊙
in galaxies within 10−30 Mpc, by resolving stellar velocity dispersions down to 30 km/s. This effort
will dramatically extend current black hole-host galaxy scaling relations into the dwarf regime, probing the
fundamental connection between black hole seeds and their environments. Using a volume-limited sample of
∼100 dwarf galaxies drawn from existing catalogs, HWO will resolve the gravitational sphere of influence
of MBHs and enable precision measurements of stellar kinematics via Ca II triplet absorption lines. These
observations will test predictions from competing seed formation scenarios—light seeds from Population III
remnants versus heavy seeds from direct collapse—and clarify whether dwarf galaxies retain imprints of their
initial black hole population. The results will offer critical insight into SMBH formation channel and the
co-evolution of black holes and galaxies across cosmic time. |
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